Stage | Emerging technologies | Future technologies |
Biomass resources | New energy crops
New oilseed crops
Bio-waste management | Bio-engineering of new energy plants
Development of low-energy agricultural production systems
Aquatic biomass (algae)
IT methods in land and biological systems management |
Supply systems | Use of new agro-machinery
Biomass densification
Other simple pretreatments (e.g. leaching)
Logistics of supply chains | Biorefining
Biotech-based quality monitoring throughout the whole procurement chain
IT tools for supply chain modelling and optimal management |
Conversion | Advanced combustion
Co-combustion
Gasification
Pyrolysis
Bioethanol from sugar and starch
Bioethanol from lignocellulosic material
Biodiesel from vegetable oils
Advanced anaerobic digestion | Biohydrogen (hydrogen from bioconversion of biomass)
Plasma-based conversions
Advanced bioconversion schemes
Other novel conversion pathways (e.g. electrochemical)
Novel schemes for down-stream processing (e.g. of pyrolytic liquids or synthetic FT-biofuels) |
End products | Bioheat
Bioelectricity
Transport biofuels
Upgraded solid biofuels (pellets) | Use of hydrogen in fuel cells
Use of FT-biofuels in new motor-concepts e. g. CCS (Combined Combustion Systems)
New bio-products (biotech)
Complex, multi-product systems (IT)
CO2 sequestration; other new end-use cultures (e.g., user-friendliness, closed cycle) |
System integration | Normalisation and standards
Best practices
Economic/ecological modelling and optimisation | IT-based management
Socio-technical and cultural design of applications
Sustainability based on global as well as local effects |
