Biofuels procurement / production costsOn average, supply costs of tradable biomass fuels in the EU-15 vary from 1.6 EUR/GJ (solid industrial residues) to 5.4 EUR/GJ (solid energy crops). On average, the supply costs of solid energy crops are close to those of imported biomass, which was taken at a standard level of 6 EUR/GJ. Single average supply costs of 23-29 EUR/GJ were determined for the refined bio-transport fuels bio-ethanol (from sugar beet and wheat) and biodiesel (from rape and sunflower seed). Average supply costs of tradable biomass and crops for transport fuels (EUR/GJ).
| EU-15 | 10 NMS + BG + RO | | €/GJ | €/toe | €/GJ | €/toe | Tradables | | | | | Forestry by-products | 2.4 | 100 | 2.1 | 88 | Wood fuels | 4.3 | 180 | 2.7 | 113 | Dry agricultural residues | 3.0 | 126 | 2.1 | 88 | Solid industrial residues | 1.6 | 67 | 2.5 | 105 | Solid energy crops | 5.4 | 226 | 4.4 | 184 | Imported biofuels | 6 | 251 | 6 | 251 | Transport fuels | | | | | Biodiesel | 23 | ≈ 960 | 23 | ≈ 960 | Bio-ethanol | 29 | ≈ 1200 | 29 | ≈ 1200 |
Source: BTG, 2004 
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Concerning the liquid biofuels, ECN gathered the following data from literature.
Overview of investment costs and production costs | Investment costs | Productions costs | Productions costs | | short term | long term | short term | long term | short term | long term | | [€/kWth] | [€/kWth] | [€/litre] | [€/litre] | [€/GJ] | [€/GJ] | Ethanol (sugar crops) | 290 | 170 | 0.32 - 0.54 | | 15 - 25 | | Ethanol (wood) | 350 | 180 | 0.11 - 0.32 | 5 - 15 | RME | 150 | 110 | 0.50 | 0.20 | 15 | 6 | Methanol | 700 | 530 | 0.14 - 0.20 | 0.10 | 9 - 13 | 7 | DME | | | 0.27 | | 14 | | Fischer-Tropsch diesel | 720-770 | 500-540 | 0.31 - 0.45 | 9 - 13 | Pyrolysis oil | 1.000 | 790 | 0.06 - 0.25 | 4 - 18 | HTU diesel | 535 | 400 | 0.16 - 0.24 | 5 - 7 |
Source: ECN, 2003. Competitiveness in the electricity market
Capital costs and efficiencies of principal bioelectricity and competing conversion technologies Technology | Capital cost in 2002 (EUR/kWe) | Capital cost in 2020 (EUR/kWe) | Electrical efficiency (%) | Cost of electricity in 2020 ** (EUR/MWh) | Existing coal – co-firing | 250 | 250 | 35 - 40 | 24 – 47 | Existing coal and natural gas combined cycle – parallel firing | 700 | 600 | 35 - 40 | 34 – 59 | Grate / fluid bed boiler + steam turbine* | 1500 - 2500 | 1500 - 2500 | 20 - 40 | 57 - 140 | Gasification + diesel engine or gas turbine - (50 kWe – 30 MW)* | 1500 - 2500 | 1000 - 2000 | 20 – 30 | 50 - 120 | Gasification + combined cycle - (30 – 100 MWe) | 5000 - 6000 | 1500 - 2500 | 40 – 50 | 53 - 100 | Wet biomass digestion + engine or turbine | 2000 - 5000 | 2000 - 5000 | 25 - 35 | 52 - 130 | Landfill gas + engine or turbine | 1000 - 1200 | 1000 | 25 - 35 | 26 | Pulverised coal – 500 MWe | 1300 | 1300 | 35 - 40 | 48 – 50 | Natural gas combined cycle – 500 MWe | 500 | 500 | 50 - 55 | 23 - 35 |
* Larger scale systems will be characterised by the lowest cost and higher efficiency in the value ranges
** 15% discount rate; biomass fuel cost between 7,2 and 14,4 EUR/MWh except for digestion and landfill gas plants where fuel cost assumed to be zero; coal cost 5,8 EUR/MWh; natural gas cost between 5,4 and 10,8 EUR/MWh. The cost is calculated for electricity supply only and cogeneration could reduce the electricity cost significantly.
Source: Bauen et. al,2003
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